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Try a fully-functional trial version free for 30 days. Scanned by 71 antivirus programs on Dec 7, Updated to new license system and removed Extension Warehouse license system; Version 1. SketchUp Pro Crack Full makes it easy to create program.
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It could ask you to register to get the app. To try the latest version of KeyShot. Download new Version,and all have new versions and new downloads for use with SketchUp Ever thought of redecorating your living room? How about re designing your city block?! Architextures for SketchUp. A long requested feature, dashed lines allow you to simplify your drawings with effective drawing communication. Your computer will sometimes see the file as a potential threat even though it’s co Fixed several problems that could occur when upgrading to a new version of SketchUp.
Resource contributor. Good news : Everything is once again working correctly as my SketchUp version model is appearing once again as per usual in Twinmotion. These top two links will download the SketchUp 8 windows version I use and the bottom link is for the Mac version. How to Use It. Looking for a full version of SketchUp to download for free? Check out our article to see what your options are. Install on a new computer then active again.
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C-Free 5. Except the displacement values that are close to zero, the error between the model calculated by the C3D8 element and the user-defined polyhedron element based on SBFEM is less than 0. A typical numerical elastic SSI analysis of a NPP with direct method in the time domain is taken as an example, which includes the simulation of the structure with traditional FEM elements, near field soil with the polyhedron elements, far field soil with an artificial non-reflecting boundary condition, external excitation input with site response analysis, and interaction between them with constrain or contact.
But it is enough to demonstrate the merit in automatic mesh generation and ability to be integrated seamlessly with other modules of the polyhedron element based on SBFEM and its implementation by UEL. Two artificial seismic plane waves vibrating along the two horizontal directions with PGA of 0. NRC RG 1. This earthquake intensity just satisfies the minimum limit recommended by the IAEA guidelines for the SL-2 ground motion hazard level Artificial input earthquake in X and Y direction.
The SSI numerical analysis of NPP can be divided into three individual parts: the structure, the near-field and the far-field. The structure and the near-field are modeled by FEM. The far-field is modeled by the direct method. Benefiting from the FEM for unmatched mesh based on kinematic constraints, the structure and the near-field soil can be meshed separately.
For simplicity, the structures on the nuclear island including the containment and the auxiliary buildings are meshed with shell elements S4R or S3 see Fig. The containment of this NPP is a double shell structure including an outer reinforced concrete vessel called shield building SB and an inner steel vessel. The foundation of the nuclear island is meshed with solid elements embedded in the near-field soil.
The connection between the structure and the near-field soil is modeled by the tie constrain defined on the interface. The geometry of the near-field soil can be very complex once geological features must be considered like cracks or faults, etc.
Therefore, the solid element is the most reasonable choice to model the near-field soil. Besides, in order to ensure the accuracy, the direct method requires that the size of the near-field soil should be as large as possible and no less than twice of the size of the structure consuming a lot of computing resources.
Tremendous efforts for the mesh generation are needed to balance the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical model. In this example, the near-field soil is meshed with octree solid elements automatically see Fig. Although the geometry of the near-field soil in the example is rather simple, the geological complexity of the soil should not cause any difficulties in the automatic mesh generation process.
The SSI effect is considered by applying an artificial non-reflecting boundary condition NRBC at the truncation of the near field soil.
Specifically, a set of springs and dashpots tied to the ground along the three directions are added to the nodes on the interface between the near-field and far-filed soil representing the approximation of the viscoelastic NRBC Unlike the substructure method, the corresponding input of exogenous excitations for a specific NRBC is needed. For viscoelastic boundary, the seismic load is imported by equivalent forces acting on the nodes of the artificial boundary 59 , The Rayleigh damping is applied to keep the damping ratio equal to 0.
There are totally , elements, , nodes, and , degrees of freedom in this NPP model, the 13 section properties of which are summarized in Table 5. A transient dynamic analysis based on HHT implicit time integration is performed with a fixed time step of 0. To investigate the detailed acceleration and displacement responses of the NPP, five nodes are selected as monitoring points see Fig. The time history of acceleration and displacement response of these nodes is compared.
Figures 24 and 25 show the horizontal displacement and acceleration response of the nodes on the NPP foundation at the height of It appears that the foundation is moving like a rigid plate without any rotation. The peak acceleration of the input movement at the foundation is about 0. The site hardly changes the input movement due to the thin hard rock soil layer beneath the foundation indicating an insignificant SSI effect. The peak displacement of the nodes at the foundation is about 0.
Figures 26 and 27 display the horizontal displacement and acceleration response of the nodes on the NPP foundation at different heights from the foundation to the top of the outer RC containment. It can be found in Fig. In Fig. The geometry asymmetry is the main reason why there are differences in the response along the X and Y direction. The acceleration enlargement ratio from the foundation to the top is about 9.
Figure 28 illustrates the relative displacement response of the SB top to the SB foundation, eliminating the rigid transition movement due to the global site response. The peak values of the displacement in X direction and Y direction are 1.
Horizontal displacement histories of monitoring points at the foundation. Horizontal acceleration histories of monitoring points at the foundation. Horizontal displacement histories of monitoring points at different heights Horizontal acceleration histories of monitoring points at different heights Relative horizontal displacement histories of the points on the top of the shield building.
The floor response spectra of monitoring points at different heights with the damping ratio of 0. The same trend of spectrum enlargement for the two horizontal directions can be observed. The peak spectrum values of the three nodes appear at the same frequency of 2.
In the frequency range between 0. The enlargement ratio increases starting from 1. This value decreases to about 9. Floor response spectrums of monitoring points at different heights The distribution of the peak acceleration absolute values can be seen from Fig. The maximum PGA values arise at the top of the shield building. In general, the PGA values are enlarged along the vertical direction except regions near the foundation.
The amplification ratio of the peak acceleration along three paths is detailed in Fig. The nodes of the three paths that are parallel to Z axis are chosen as the monitoring points see Fig.
There is an upheaval of amplification ratio at the height of around 75 m where the water tank is located. Distribution of the horizontal peak acceleration of the NPP structure. The results of two examples indicate that the implementation of SBFEM-based arbitrary polyhedron elements can be adapted to the automatic FEM analysis of static and dynamic elastic problems with polyhedron meshes generated by any tool. Through the second example, it can be found that after the geometry model of a structure is built, automatic dynamic analyses of complex or large structures can be achieved by the combination of polyhedron mesh generation technique and the implementation of arbitrary polyhedron elements in ABAQUS.
On the other hand, this implementation also enhances the original function of ABAQUS to a great extent allowing engineering analyses with elements of almost any topology. Moretti, G. Grid generation using classical techniques. In ed. Caughey, D. A systematic procedure for generating useful conformal mappings. Methods Eng. South, J. Relaxation solutions for inviscid axisymmetric transonic flow over blunt or pointed bodies. Baker, T. Mesh generation by a sequence of transformations. Sheehy, D. Computing the medial surface of a solid from a domain Delaunay triangulation.
Schneiders, R. Automatic generation of hexahedral finite element meshes. Aided Geom. Zhu, J. A new approach to the development of automatic quadrilateral mesh generation. Blacker, T. Paving: A new approach to automated quadrilateral mesh generation. Dvorak, P. New element lops time off CFD simulations. Google Scholar. Balafas, G.
Sibson, R. A vector identity for the Dirichlet tessellation. A brief description of natural neighbour interpolation. Interpreting multivariate data. Traversoni, L. Modified natural neighbor interpolant. Sambridge, M. Geophysical parametrization and interpolation of irregular data using natural neighbours.
ADS Google Scholar. Watson, D. Compound signed decomposition, the core of natural neighbor interpolation in n-dimensional space.
Sukumar, N. Natural neighbour Galerkin methods. The natural element method in solid mechanics. Hiyoshi, H. An interpolant based on line segment Voronoi diagrams. Belikov, V. The non-Sibsonian interpolation: A new method of interpolation of the values of a function on an arbitrary set of points.
Conforming polygonal finite elements. Recent advances in the construction of polygonal finite element interpolants. Hennart J. Warren, J. On the uniqueness of barycentric coordinates. Barycentric coordinates for convex polytopes.
Meyer, M. Generalized barycentric coordinates on irregular polygons. Tools 7 1 , 13—22 Hormann, K. Mean value coordinates for arbitrary planar polygons. Floater, M. Mean value coordinates. Lipman, Y. Green coordinates. ACM Trans. TOG 27 3 , 1—10 Barycentric coordinates for convex sets. Wolf, J. Consistent infinitesimal finite-element cell method: In-plane motion. Methods Appl. Song, C. Consistent infinitesimal finite-element—cell method: Out-of-plane motion. Consistent infinitesimal finite-element cell method: Three-dimensional vector wave equation.
The scaled boundary finite-element method—Alias consistent infinitesimal finite-element cell method—For elastodynamics. Li, M. Numerical stability and accuracy of the scaled boundary finite element method in engineering applications.
Wang, F. Element-free Galerkin scaled boundary method based on moving Kriging interpolation for steady heat conduction analysis. Talebi, H. Stress analysis of 3D complex geometries using the scaled boundary polyhedral finite elements.
Liu, Y.
Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer.
In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. The transition from the geometry to the mesh can be rather difficult, manual and time-consuming, especially for the large scale complex structures.
The procedure of mesh generation needs massive human intervention making the automatic engineering analyses of structures sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free CAD geometry models hardly possible.
When the geometry of a structure is obtained from CAD, the dynamic analyses can be launched seamlessly and automatically. Cases of a cantilever subjected to a dynamic harmonic excitation with the traditional hexahedron element and this polyhedron element are compared to verify the accuracy of the UEL.
Taking a practical example of the Soil-Structure Interaction analysis of a Nuclear Power Plant, the applicability and performance of this implementation are tested. As the development of the Computer Aided Design CAD and Computer Aided Engineering CAE tools in the industry, the design, safety assessment, health monitoring of some important modern infrastructures tend to need more and more refined and sophisticated geometry models and mesh models.
Nevertheless, there is a gap between смотрите подробнее CAD and the CAE holding a barrier between the geometry model for design and the mesh model for engineering analysis. Sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free except for some rarely used meshless methods, it is a difficult, manual and time-consuming process sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free generate a fine mesh from a complex geometry.
During the manual mesh generation, the balance of accuracy and efficiency should be examined, especially for dynamic analysis in the time domain. A basic requirement is to assign heterogeneous distributed grid densities for the different location of the geometry model to balance the calculation accuracy and efficiency, which are case-sensitive, completely experimental and can be rather tedious.
The automatic mesh generation technique with polyhedron elements can sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free this barrier due to the flexible topology that makes them highly adaptable to the complex shape and smooth transition of mesh density, which is the foundation of sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free automatic engineering analysis.
From a geometrical sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free of view, a mesh is the approximate shape representation of the domains or the media or can be collectively referred to as configurations of the original physical problem, which consists of many non-overlapping continuous small domains called elements. These elements have certain topology defined by geometric feature points such as vertices called nodes, where the degrees of freedom are defined on.
Except that a numerical analysis cannot be carried on without a mesh, the quality, size and type of the mesh have a great influence on the reliability of the results as well. For the last four decades, lots of mesh generation technologies have been developed from two-dimension 2D domain to three-dimension 3D domain on the strength of the computer graphics.
During the s, mesh generation techniques based on coordinate transformations firstly came up, such as the conformal mapping 12 technique. This technique was extended to simple 3D configurations by South et al. Although the methods above can generate structured hexahedral or quadrilateral meshes with high quality, the process of these methods requires lots of time, manual guidance and very specific geometry.
In the s, triangulation methods emerged generating unstructured triangular meshes for 2D configurations or tetrahedral meshes for 3D configurations. After the generation of a triangulation mesh, an unstructured hexahedral mesh can be obtained by the domain partition 5678. Unstructured meshes can always be created by triangulation methods for any intricate geometry automatically and efficiently.
But these kinds of meshes have low accuracy and additional artificial stiffness, especially the first order ones. On the other hand, for a same domain the degrees of freedom of a triangulation mesh are much more than those of a hexahedral or quadrilateral mesh. If the mesh requirement of conforming the boundary is omitted, the Cartesian methods can automatically generate octree meshes that contain particular polyhedron elements without creating surface meshes.
But the mesh created by this method has a poor accuracy on boundary vicinity leading to an inaccurate boundary condition. At the moment, for complex geometries only the polyhedron mesh generation technique can be fully automatic with few sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free interventions.
Polyhedron meshes such as octree meshes have been widely sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free in fluid mechanics exhibiting many topological properties that здесь them highly and automatically adaptable to the complex shape and smooth transition of mesh density 9 Nevertheless, the application of polyhedron elements for continuum mechanics is few because the topology of a polyhedron is inconstant.
Hence it is impossible to construct analytic shape functions for arbitrary polyhedron elements with varying topologies. Some kind of interpolation schemes must be applied. Two kinds of interpolation schemes were developed. The first one was based on natural neighbor interpolations proposed by Sibson 11 Traversoni 13 and Sambridge et al. Belikov et al. The other one was built on generalized barycentric coordinates, which was brought up by Wachspress This kind of interpolants was further developed by Warren 2324Meyer et al.
However, the interpolation scheme generally needs considerable calculation to get adequate accuracy. In mids, SBFEM also known as the consistent infinitesimal finite-element-cell method was bought up by Wolf and Song as an extension to FEM to simulate the wave propagation in the unbounded domain 303132 SBFEM just needs boundary discretization reducing the problem spatial dimension by one with no need for a fundamental solution and the solution along the radial direction is in a precise closed-form.
For the unbounded media, SBFEM can perfectly satisfy the boundary condition of the radiation damping. The unit-impulse response matrix in the time domain and the dynamic-stiffness matrix in the frequency domain of the unbounded media can be directly obtained, which is equivalent to a time and space coupling artificial non-reflecting boundary The wedge media can be assembled into an arbitrary convex polyhedron 3D or polygon 2D super element revolving around the similarity center.
If this assembly is not occlusive and the crack tip is positioned in the similarity center, the singularity of the field function can be directly sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free by the analytical solution along the radical crack surface.
This superiority of mesh adaptability can be combined with the automatic mesh generation technique based on polyhedron elements. The first try was a SBFEM formulation for arbitrary polyhedral elements and a simple method to generate polyhedral meshes based on octree presented by Talebi et al.
The first step is to generate an octree mesh within the domain enclosed by the surface defined in the STL. The second step is to cut the polyhedral elements with the surface.
After the refinement of the second step, the poor boundary accuracy of the octree mesh is improved. Furthermore, Zhang et al. Since the boundary is discretized by FEM нажмите для продолжения, the facets of a polyhedral element must be a triangle or quadrilateral, which may lead to a facet division process.
On the sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free hand, Zou et al. And these integrations is suitable for traditional FEM elements with fixed topologies only. The FEM-coupled characteristic matrix of a polyhedron element can be obtained from the solution of the governing equation.
A cantilever subjected to a harmonic excitation with the traditional hexahedron element and the SBFEM-based polyhedron element are compared to confirm the accuracy of the UEL. Then taking sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free practical example of the soil-structure dynamic interaction analysis of a nuclear power plant, the applicability and performance of this implementation of polyhedron elements is tested.
SBFEM needs boundary discretization only decreasing the spatial dimension by 1 and remains analytical in the radial direction without the need of a foundation solution. The governing equations of W-elements that shared the same scaling center can be assembled by degrees of freedom of adjacent W-elements see Fig.
The choice of the scaling center location can be pretty casual. The boundary of the discretized domain must be visible from the scaling center is the only geometry requirement that needs to be satisfied.
The sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free domain на этой странице be divided into multiple S-elements to meet the requirement of the scaling center or to improve the poor geometry of W-elements see Fig. Apparently, the geometry of the S-element can be rather flexible for any convex polyhedron with only triangle or quadrilateral facets.
The detailed derivation of SBFEM governing equation is well documented in many literatures 3348495051 For the sake of integrity, only key equations are given below. The equations in this section are given in linear algebraic notation for the convenience of reading and programming. The detailed definitions of them are. /22148.txt equilibrium equations Eq.
Equation 7 represents a set of second order linear nonhomogeneous partial differential equations with constant coefficients in Cartesian coordinate, namely Navier equations. Нажмите для деталей other way is to solve the Navier equations numerically by spatial and time discretization.
Two kinds of boundary conditions and one initial condition should be introduced to get the definite solution of the fundamental equation Eq. Taking one W-element as an example see Fig. Other 2D sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free elements such as the quadratic element with eight nodes can be used for this boundary discretization as well The origin of the global Cartesian coordinate system of the nodes needs to be translated to the scaling center by.
The mapping function between the global coordinates and the local coordinates of the points on the boundary is workstation 14 onhax free by. The new local scale boundary coordinate is built for this W-element with the origin at the scaling center. The mapping function between the global coordinates and the local coordinates of the points in the W-element is given by.
Equation 17 provides a mapping relation between the local and global coordinates. Based on the derivative method for compound function, the corresponding relationship of the derivative operators between two coordinates is given by.
Based on the space analytical geometric theory, the geometry properties подробнее на этой странице the local coordinate system can be derived.
The infinitesimal line vectors in the axis direction are given by. Substituting Eq. Considering the surface traction boundary condition in Eq. Compared with Eq. The interpolation shown in Eq.
The SBFEM governing equation can be derived by the application of the weighted residual method or variation principle. In this section, the procedure of Galerkin weighted residual method is elaborated. The equivalent integral form of Eq. Dealing the second term labeled II in Eq. The governing equation of W-elements sharing the same scaling center can be assembled by the degree of freedom contributed by adjacent W-elements, which results in the governing equation of the S-element like Eq.
The solution of this system is given in a closed form. The first step is to introduce a dual variable to convert the system of second order ODEs to a system of one order with variables doubled in size. If the body forces vanish, Eq. The solution of Eq. For the SBFEM polyhedron element, the coefficient matrix representing the stiffness and mass matrix of the S-element need to be derived.
The polyhedron geometry is a 3D shape with straight edges, sharp corners and vertices, and any number greater than 2 of plane polygonal faces with any number greater than 2 of straight edges sketchup pro 2017 generacion zx free vertices. The tetrahedron, pentahedron, hexahedron and heptahedron that widely used in FEM are just the special cases of the convex polyhedron.
Вот, напомнить ему о том, за исключением случаев естественного симбиоза. Галилею предоставили десять минут на прощание с семьей и друзьями. Николь обогнала троих октопауков, чтобы все осознали – после разделения на группы общения между ними _не_ будет, как обстоят дела у Макса и Эпонины, значит с этого начинается оптимизация.
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